旧约 - 列王记上(1 Kings)第12章

Rehoboam went to Shechem, for all the Israelites had gone there to make him king.
When Jeroboam son of Nebat heard this (he was still in Egypt, where he had fled from King Solomon), he returned from Egypt.
So they sent for Jeroboam, and he and the whole assembly of Israel went to Rehoboam and said to him:
"Your father put a heavy yoke on us, but now lighten the harsh labor and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you."
Rehoboam answered, "Go away for three days and then come back to me." So the people went away.
Then King Rehoboam consulted the elders who had served his father Solomon during his lifetime. "How would you advise me to answer these people?" he asked.
They replied, "If today you will be a servant to these people and serve them and give them a favorable answer, they will always be your servants."
But Rehoboam rejected the advice the elders gave him and consulted the young men who had grown up with him and were serving him.
He asked them, "What is your advice? How should we answer these people who say to me, 'Lighten the yoke your father put on us'?"
The young men who had grown up with him replied, "Tell these people who have said to you, 'Your father put a heavy yoke on us, but make our yoke lighter'--tell them, 'My little finger is thicker than my father's waist.
My father laid on you a heavy yoke; I will make it even heavier. My father scourged you with whips; I will scourge you with scorpions.'"
Three days later Jeroboam and all the people returned to Rehoboam, as the king had said, "Come back to me in three days."
The king answered the people harshly. Rejecting the advice given him by the elders,
he followed the advice of the young men and said, "My father made your yoke heavy; I will make it even heavier. My father scourged you with whips; I will scourge you with scorpions."
So the king did not listen to the people, for this turn of events was from the LORD, to fulfill the word the LORD had spoken to Jeroboam son of Nebat through Ahijah the Shilonite.
When all Israel saw that the king refused to listen to them, they answered the king: "What share do we have in David, what part in Jesse's son? To your tents, O Israel! Look after your own house, O David!" So the Israelites went home.
But as for the Israelites who were living in the towns of Judah, Rehoboam still ruled over them.
King Rehoboam sent out Adoniram, who was in charge of forced labor, but all Israel stoned him to death. King Rehoboam, however, managed to get into his chariot and escape to Jerusalem.
So Israel has been in rebellion against the house of David to this day.
When all the Israelites heard that Jeroboam had returned, they sent and called him to the assembly and made him king over all Israel. Only the tribe of Judah remained loyal to the house of David.
When Rehoboam arrived in Jerusalem, he mustered the whole house of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin--a hundred and eighty thousand fighting men--to make war against the house of Israel and to regain the kingdom for Rehoboam son of Solomon.
But this word of God came to Shemaiah the man of God:
"Say to Rehoboam son of Solomon king of Judah, to the whole house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the rest of the people,
'This is what the LORD says: Do not go up to fight against your brothers, the Israelites. Go home, every one of you, for this is my doing.'" So they obeyed the word of the LORD and went home again, as the LORD had ordered.
Then Jeroboam fortified Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim and lived there. From there he went out and built up Peniel.
Jeroboam thought to himself, "The kingdom will now likely revert to the house of David.
If these people go up to offer sacrifices at the temple of the LORD in Jerusalem, they will again give their allegiance to their lord, Rehoboam king of Judah. They will kill me and return to King Rehoboam."
After seeking advice, the king made two golden calves. He said to the people, "It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem. Here are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt."
One he set up in Bethel, and the other in Dan.
And this thing became a sin; the people went even as far as Dan to worship the one there.
Jeroboam built shrines on high places and appointed priests from all sorts of people, even though they were not Levites.
He instituted a festival on the fifteenth day of the eighth month, like the festival held in Judah, and offered sacrifices on the altar. This he did in Bethel, sacrificing to the calves he had made. And at Bethel he also installed priests at the high places he had made.
On the fifteenth day of the eighth month, a month of his own choosing, he offered sacrifices on the altar he had built at Bethel. So he instituted the festival for the Israelites and went up to the altar to make offerings.
列王纪上第十二章   第 12 章 

  王上 12:1> 罗波安为何往示剑? 

  12:1 罗波安在耶路撒冷以北约五十六公里的示剑被立为王。以色列人通常会在首都耶路撒冷膏立新王,但是罗波安与耶罗波安之间产生纠纷,所以他到北方去,想与那里的支派保持良好关系。他选择去示剑的原因,可能因为那是古时立约之处(参书 24:1 )。国家分裂以后,示剑暂时成为北国的首都( 12:25 )。 

  以色列的国度分裂 

  王上 12:6-14> 听人的意见,应怎样衡量它是否正确? 

  12:6-14 罗波安虽然请臣仆献策,但并未虚心听从。假使他深思熟虑的话,必定会看出长者的劝告比他同辈的建议智慧得多。衡量别人的劝告,要看它是否切实可行;再看采纳后的结果是否公平,是否令情况有积极的改善。要寻求有经验、有智慧的人的谋略。但无论如何,只有符合神的标准的建议才有益处。 

  以色列各支派间的嫉妒 

  王上 12:15-19> 耶罗波安、罗波安是怎样的王? 

  12:15-19 耶罗波安与罗波安都只求自己的益处,完全不顾人民的利益。罗波安十分严厉,不听百姓的声音;耶罗波安建立新的拜偶像之地,使人民不再去京城耶路撒冷敬拜神。他们二人都自讨苦吃,罗波安的行动使国家分裂,耶罗波安则使人民偏离神。好的领袖都是先为信任他们的群众谋求福祉,再求自己的好处,若所作的抉择单单为自己,必然祸及己身,结果必定事与愿违。 

  王上 12:20> 以色列是何时分裂的?之前有征兆吗? 

  12:20 这事标志以色列国家分裂的开始,之后好几百年未能统一。十个支派拥护耶罗波安,称自己的新国家为以色列(即北国);其余的两个支派忠于罗波安,称为犹大(即南国),不过他们并不是在一夜之间就分裂的。早在士师时代,因为支派之间的嫉妒,尤其是北方最有影响力的以法莲与南方的主要支派犹大之间的对立,已显出分裂的征兆。 

  在扫罗与大卫以前,以色列人的宗教中心大部分是在以法莲境内,所罗门建造圣殿的时候,将以色列的宗教中心迁往犹大的耶路撒冷,终于使支派之间的争竞达到分裂的程度(关于以色列各支派间的疑忌及其影响,请参看士 12:1-15 ;撒下 2:4-32 ; 19:41-43 )。 

  王上 12:28> 有些建议,看似实用,却诱人离开神,有时我也有点迷惑…… 

  12:28 神吩咐所有的以色列男丁,要一年三次上耶路撒冷的圣殿守节(参申 16:16 ),但是耶罗波安设立自己的敬拜中心,并且告诉百姓说,长途跋涉地去耶路撒冷太不方便,就在这里敬拜好了。顺从他的人就是不顺从神。有些建议看来很实用,却可能引诱你偏离神。不要听信别人的花言巧语,说道德行为无关紧要,使你不做该做的事。不管是要你付上时间、精力、名誉或是财富资源,你都应当去做神要你做的事。 

  王上 12:28-29> 现实生活中拜偶像比亲近神更容易,为什么? 

  12:28-29 古人以牛犊作偶像,是丰收与力量的象征。迦南人的神明常常被描绘成站在牛犊或母牛身上。耶罗波安精巧地将两只金牛犊放在两个要冲之地──伯特利和但,伯特利在距耶路撒冷以北十六公里的主要通道上。他引诱人民到那里就止步,不用再南下到耶路撒冷去。但在以色列国的最北部,所以住在离耶路撒冷很远的北方之民,为求方便就会被吸引到那里。耶罗波安作为北国的领袖,只想建立自己的敬拜中心,耽心他的人民经常去耶路撒冷,会有损他的权威。这种以假乱真的宗教崇拜使人民很快就远离真正的信仰。 

  王上 12:30> 在犯罪的事上,我是否也不时忘记教训而重蹈覆辙呢? 

  12:30 耶罗波安与策士们没有从以色列人拜金牛犊的悲惨历史中汲取教训(参出 32 )。他们也许不知道圣经的记载,或者根本是明知故犯。查考圣经,就会使你留意神在过去的审判,从历史中得到教训;以史为鉴,就不会重蹈前人的覆辙(参赛 42:23 ;林前 10:11 )。 

  王上 12:32-33> 耶罗波安妄为更改神的律例,预示什么结果?我有此行为吗? 

  12:32-33 在以色列人先祖时代,伯特利是象征他们对神献身的地方,雅各就在那里再一次把自己献给神(参创 28:16-22 ),耶罗波安却把它变为以色列的宗教中心,想与耶路撒冷抗衡。不过伯特利的宗教以拜偶像为中心,终于使以色列走向灭亡。伯特利以后成为邪恶和偶像之城邑。何西阿与阿摩司先知看到伯特利的罪,就谴责这城,因为他们过着远离神的生活(参何 4:15-17 ; 10:8 ;摩 5:4-6 )。──《灵修版圣经注释》