旧约 - 列王记上(1 Kings)第2章

When the time drew near for David to die, he gave a charge to Solomon his son.
"I am about to go the way of all the earth," he said. "So be strong, show yourself a man,
and observe what the LORD your God requires: Walk in his ways, and keep his decrees and commands, his laws and requirements, as written in the Law of Moses, so that you may prosper in all you do and wherever you go,
and that the LORD may keep his promise to me: 'If your descendants watch how they live, and if they walk faithfully before me with all their heart and soul, you will never fail to have a man on the throne of Israel.'
"Now you yourself know what Joab son of Zeruiah did to me--what he did to the two commanders of Israel's armies, Abner son of Ner and Amasa son of Jether. He killed them, shedding their blood in peacetime as if in battle, and with that blood stained the belt around his waist and the sandals on his feet.
Deal with him according to your wisdom, but do not let his gray head go down to the grave in peace.
"But show kindness to the sons of Barzillai of Gilead and let them be among those who eat at your table. They stood by me when I fled from your brother Absalom.
"And remember, you have with you Shimei son of Gera, the Benjamite from Bahurim, who called down bitter curses on me the day I went to Mahanaim. When he came down to meet me at the Jordan, I swore to him by the LORD: 'I will not put you to death by the sword.'
But now, do not consider him innocent. You are a man of wisdom; you will know what to do to him. Bring his gray head down to the grave in blood."
Then David rested with his fathers and was buried in the City of David.
He had reigned forty years over Israel--seven years in Hebron and thirty-three in Jerusalem.
So Solomon sat on the throne of his father David, and his rule was firmly established.
Now Adonijah, the son of Haggith, went to Bathsheba, Solomon's mother. Bathsheba asked him, "Do you come peacefully?" He answered, "Yes, peacefully."
Then he added, "I have something to say to you." "You may say it," she replied.
"As you know," he said, "the kingdom was mine. All Israel looked to me as their king. But things changed, and the kingdom has gone to my brother; for it has come to him from the LORD.
Now I have one request to make of you. Do not refuse me." "You may make it," she said.
So he continued, "Please ask King Solomon--he will not refuse you--to give me Abishag the Shunammite as my wife."
"Very well," Bathsheba replied, "I will speak to the king for you."
When Bathsheba went to King Solomon to speak to him for Adonijah, the king stood up to meet her, bowed down to her and sat down on his throne. He had a throne brought for the king's mother, and she sat down at his right hand.
"I have one small request to make of you," she said. "Do not refuse me." The king replied, "Make it, my mother; I will not refuse you."
So she said, "Let Abishag the Shunammite be given in marriage to your brother Adonijah."
King Solomon answered his mother, "Why do you request Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? You might as well request the kingdom for him--after all, he is my older brother--yes, for him and for Abiathar the priest and Joab son of Zeruiah!"
Then King Solomon swore by the LORD: "May God deal with me, be it ever so severely, if Adonijah does not pay with his life for this request!
And now, as surely as the LORD lives--he who has established me securely on the throne of my father David and has founded a dynasty for me as he promised--Adonijah shall be put to death today!"
So King Solomon gave orders to Benaiah son of Jehoiada, and he struck down Adonijah and he died.
To Abiathar the priest the king said, "Go back to your fields in Anathoth. You deserve to die, but I will not put you to death now, because you carried the ark of the Sovereign LORD before my father David and shared all my father's hardships."
So Solomon removed Abiathar from the priesthood of the LORD, fulfilling the word the LORD had spoken at Shiloh about the house of Eli.
When the news reached Joab, who had conspired with Adonijah though not with Absalom, he fled to the tent of the LORD and took hold of the horns of the altar.
King Solomon was told that Joab had fled to the tent of the LORD and was beside the altar. Then Solomon ordered Benaiah son of Jehoiada, "Go, strike him down!"
So Benaiah entered the tent of the LORD and said to Joab, "The king says, 'Come out!'" But he answered, "No, I will die here." Benaiah reported to the king, "This is how Joab answered me."
Then the king commanded Benaiah, "Do as he says. Strike him down and bury him, and so clear me and my father's house of the guilt of the innocent blood that Joab shed.
The LORD will repay him for the blood he shed, because without the knowledge of my father David he attacked two men and killed them with the sword. Both of them--Abner son of Ner, commander of Israel's army, and Amasa son of Jether, commander of Judah's army--were better men and more upright than he.
May the guilt of their blood rest on the head of Joab and his descendants forever. But on David and his descendants, his house and his throne, may there be the LORD'S peace forever."
So Benaiah son of Jehoiada went up and struck down Joab and killed him, and he was buried on his own land in the desert.
The king put Benaiah son of Jehoiada over the army in Joab's position and replaced Abiathar with Zadok the priest.
Then the king sent for Shimei and said to him, "Build yourself a house in Jerusalem and live there, but do not go anywhere else.
The day you leave and cross the Kidron Valley, you can be sure you will die; your blood will be on your own head."
Shimei answered the king, "What you say is good. Your servant will do as my lord the king has said." And Shimei stayed in Jerusalem for a long time.
But three years later, two of Shimei's slaves ran off to Achish son of Maacah, king of Gath, and Shimei was told, "Your slaves are in Gath."
At this, he saddled his donkey and went to Achish at Gath in search of his slaves. So Shimei went away and brought the slaves back from Gath.
When Solomon was told that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath and had returned,
the king summoned Shimei and said to him, "Did I not make you swear by the LORD and warn you, 'On the day you leave to go anywhere else, you can be sure you will die'? At that time you said to me, 'What you say is good. I will obey.'
Why then did you not keep your oath to the LORD and obey the command I gave you?"
The king also said to Shimei, "You know in your heart all the wrong you did to my father David. Now the LORD will repay you for your wrongdoing.
But King Solomon will be blessed, and David's throne will remain secure before the LORD forever."
Then the king gave the order to Benaiah son of Jehoiada, and he went out and struck Shimei down and killed him. The kingdom was now firmly established in Solomon's hands.
列王纪上第二章   第 2 章 

  王上 2:3-4> 大卫遗训仍尊主为大,教导所罗门顺服神,这为我树立了什么榜样? 

  2:3-4 大卫晓谕所罗门,必须以神和律法作修身治国之本,国家才可一如神所应许的延续下去(参撒下 7 )。神使他国位坚立的应许有两部分,一部分是有条件的,随着君王的善恶而定;另一部分是无条件的。 

  神有条件的应许,乃是大卫和他的子孙要尊崇顺服祂,才不断地有人坐在王位上,大卫的后裔若非如此,就失去王位(参王下 25 )。而神无条件的应许,是叫大卫的后裔永远为王。这个应许藉着他的子孙,也是永生神的儿子耶稣基督降世为人,得以成全(参罗 1:3-4 )。大卫的一生是顺服神的榜样,他对下一 任 君王,就是他的儿子所罗门,也有合适的劝导。结果如何就全看所罗门是否遵循了。 

  王上 2:5-7> 善有善报,恶有恶报…… 

  2:5-7 约押是为了私利残酷击杀。他的勇力是他惟一的长处,战胜沙场是他惟一的心愿。他想攫取权力,紧握不放,而巴西莱却与他迥异。巴西莱代表所有忠于神、按照祂的律法生活的人。例如大卫要赐他尊荣,他就毫无私心地要求王将之赐给他的儿子。你作领导是服事自己,还是事奉神呢? 

  王上 2:5-9> 约押、示每犯了什么罪?大卫是报私仇吗? 

  2:5-9 大卫严肃地嘱咐所罗门对付仇敌,是为帮助年轻的君王建立坚固的王位。大卫仅仅是针对罪恶昭彰的仇敌──他们藉反对神所立之王来反对神。按照律法,大卫吩咐所罗门向他的仇敌施以应得的惩罚。示每咒诅君王,既违背民事法,又违背神的律法(参出 22:28 )。 

  王上 2:10> 大卫的生平功过── 

  2:10 大卫死的时候约七十岁(参撒下 5:4-5 )。参看撒上 17 章所附 " 大卫的生平 " 。 

  王上 2:15-22> 求妻?要权?亚多尼雅是真喜欢亚比煞吗? 

  2:15-22 这件事并非求偶那么简单,不过亚多尼雅希望拔示巴这样理解。亚比煞虽然是童女,但是已被纳入大卫的宫中。亚多尼雅想得亚比煞为妻,因为拥有宫庭之妃嫔,就等于宣称得到王位。当年押沙龙背叛大卫时曾干过这种事(参撒下 16:20-23 )。所罗门深知亚多尼雅的阴险用心。 

  王上 2:26-27> 所罗门这样处理亚比亚他,原是根据他过往所行的── 

  2:26-27 昔日扫罗王屠杀挪伯城祭司,亚比亚他是惟一脱险的青年(参撒下 22:11-23 )。后来大卫作王,他一直作大祭司,自始至终忠于大卫。在大卫死前,亚多尼雅意图篡位、自立为王时,亚比亚他却拥护亚多尼雅( 1:7 ),所以所罗门革去他的祭司职位,应验了撒母耳记上第 2 章 27 至 36 节关于以利的子孙不再有人当祭司的预言。 

  与亚多尼雅同谋悖逆者和继续忠于大卫者 

  王上 2:31> 约押流无辜人的血是出于什么罪性? 

  2:31 约押一生嫉贤妒能,千方百计想保住元帅的地位。大卫有两次想立别人代替他,都被他以奸诈的手法先发制人地将对手杀死,使他们不能接替元帅职位(参撒下 3:17-30 ; 19:13 ; 20:4-10 )。大卫未先把约押免职,致使两位将军枉死,也难辞其咎;不过,基于政治与军事的考虑,大卫没有公开处罚他,只咒诅约押和他的家族(参撒下 3:29 )。所罗门处罚约押,公布大卫与两位将军的死无关,除去大卫的罪嫌,将这罪全归于约押。 

  王上 2:35> 所罗门选用这二人的原因是…… 

  2:35 大祭司亚比亚他与元帅约押,都是大卫国中的重臣。他们与亚多尼雅同谋背叛所罗门,同被革职,王以撒督代替亚多尼雅,比拿雅代替约押。撒督是亚伦的后裔,在大卫作王的时候是杰出的祭司,大卫死后也忠于所罗门。大卫吩咐他料理神的约柜(参撒下 15:24 及以下各节)。他的后裔也管理圣殿,直到圣殿被毁。比拿雅以前是大卫的勇士之一(参撒下 23:20-23 ),也是护卫长。 

  王上 2:46> 从所罗门巩固王权的一系列措施上,可看出他是一个什么样的君王? 

  2:46 所罗门下令处决亚多尼雅、约押与示每,革除亚比亚他的祭司职位,并派新人接任。他以快刀斩乱麻的手法,巩固了王位。他履行公义,在国家安定方面做了整顿后,就推行和平政策。他在两方面显明是和平之君:他没有大举兴兵,又使内乱终止。──《灵修版圣经注释》