新约 - 马太福音(Matthew)第12章

At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbath. His disciples were hungry and began to pick some heads of grain and eat them.
When the Pharisees saw this, they said to him, "Look! Your disciples are doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath."
He answered, "Haven't you read what David did when he and his companions were hungry?
He entered the house of God, and he and his companions ate the consecrated bread--which was not lawful for them to do, but only for the priests.
Or haven't you read in the Law that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple desecrate the day and yet are innocent?
I tell you that one greater than the temple is here.
If you had known what these words mean, 'I desire mercy, not sacrifice,' you would not have condemned the innocent.
For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath."
Going on from that place, he went into their synagogue,
and a man with a shriveled hand was there. Looking for a reason to accuse Jesus, they asked him, "Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?"
He said to them, "If any of you has a sheep and it falls into a pit on the Sabbath, will you not take hold of it and lift it out?
How much more valuable is a man than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath."
Then he said to the man, "Stretch out your hand." So he stretched it out and it was completely restored, just as sound as the other.
But the Pharisees went out and plotted how they might kill Jesus.
Aware of this, Jesus withdrew from that place. Many followed him, and he healed all their sick,
warning them not to tell who he was.
This was to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet Isaiah:
"Here is my servant whom I have chosen, the one I love, in whom I delight; I will put my Spirit on him, and he will proclaim justice to the nations.
He will not quarrel or cry out; no one will hear his voice in the streets.
A bruised reed he will not break, and a smoldering wick he will not snuff out, till he leads justice to victory.
In his name the nations will put their hope."
Then they brought him a demon-possessed man who was blind and mute, and Jesus healed him, so that he could both talk and see.
All the people were astonished and said, "Could this be the Son of David?"
But when the Pharisees heard this, they said, "It is only by Beelzebub, the prince of demons, that this fellow drives out demons."
Jesus knew their thoughts and said to them, "Every kingdom divided against itself will be ruined, and every city or household divided against itself will not stand.
If Satan drives out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then can his kingdom stand?
And if I drive out demons by Beelzebub, by whom do your people drive them out? So then, they will be your judges.
But if I drive out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you.
"Or again, how can anyone enter a strong man's house and carry off his possessions unless he first ties up the strong man? Then he can rob his house.
"He who is not with me is against me, and he who does not gather with me scatters.
And so I tell you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven.
Anyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but anyone who speaks against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven, either in this age or in the age to come.
"Make a tree good and its fruit will be good, or make a tree bad and its fruit will be bad, for a tree is recognized by its fruit.
You brood of vipers, how can you who are evil say anything good? For out of the overflow of the heart the mouth speaks.
The good man brings good things out of the good stored up in him, and the evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in him.
But I tell you that men will have to give account on the day of judgment for every careless word they have spoken.
For by your words you will be acquitted, and by your words you will be condemned."
Then some of the Pharisees and teachers of the law said to him, "Teacher, we want to see a miraculous sign from you."
He answered, "A wicked and adulterous generation asks for a miraculous sign! But none will be given it except the sign of the prophet Jonah.
For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.
The men of Nineveh will stand up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and now one greater than Jonah is here.
The Queen of the South will rise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for she came from the ends of the earth to listen to Solomon's wisdom, and now one greater than Solomon is here.
"When an evil spirit comes out of a man, it goes through arid places seeking rest and does not find it.
Then it says, 'I will return to the house I left.' When it arrives, it finds the house unoccupied, swept clean and put in order.
Then it goes and takes with it seven other spirits more wicked than itself, and they go in and live there. And the final condition of that man is worse than the first. That is how it will be with this wicked generation."
While Jesus was still talking to the crowd, his mother and brothers stood outside, wanting to speak to him.
Someone told him, "Your mother and brothers are standing outside, wanting to speak to you."
He replied to him, "Who is my mother, and who are my brothers?"
Pointing to his disciples, he said, "Here are my mother and my brothers.
For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven is my brother and sister and mother."
马太福音第十二章   太 12:1-2> 安息日不可做的事真多,那些法利赛人的心想的是什么? 

  12:1-2 法利赛人以神的律法和犹太传统的解释作为基础,订立了三十九项安息日绝对禁止的行为,而“收割”就是其中一项。门徒掐麦穗并在手上搓麦粒,根据宗教领袖所说,他们已算是在收割。耶稣和门徒是因为肚子饿而掐麦穗,并不是在安息日工作,收割得利。法利赛人不能够也不愿意看破律法的字句意思,去明白其根本意义,他们毫无怜恤的心,一心只想控告耶稣。 

  太 12:4> 盲目跟从,不如不从;对于律法,你所持的态度是…… 

  12:4 陈设饼每星期更换一次,换下来的饼按例可作祭司的食物;大卫所吃的正是要换下来的旧饼(参撒上 21:1-6 ),虽然只有祭司才可以吃此饼,但神并没有惩罚大卫,因为他的需要比律法的细节条文更重要。耶稣的意思是:你们定我有罪,也就是定大卫的罪。宗教领袖绝不会这样做,以免引起群众的暴动。耶稣并不是鼓吹违反神的律法,只是强调当实践律法时要有洞察力和同情心。 

  太 12:5> 他们忘了律法背后的意义,只要求别人硬性去做;我们嘛…… 

  12:5 十诫禁止人在安息日工作(参出 20:8-11 ),这是字面的意思,但神定立安息日的原意是叫人休息和敬拜神,所以祭司可以做献祭和安排敬拜的工作。安息日的工作就是服事神、敬拜神。耶稣常常强调律法的原意,字句背后的意思,法利赛人已丢掉了律法的精神,只僵硬地要求别人和自己去遵从其字面的意思和他们对律法的解释。 

  太 12:6> 宗教的仪式和规条可以助人易于投入,只是除了这些,敬拜的内容还有…… 

  12:6 法利赛人过于注重宗教礼仪和规条,以致忘记了圣殿的真正作用──带领人到神那里。因为耶稣基督比圣殿更大,由祂把人带到神那里岂不好得多!神远比那些为敬拜而造的物件更重要。我们注重敬拜的方式若超过敬拜的对象,虽然我们以为自己正在敬拜神,其实已经失去了祂。 

  太 12:7> “我喜爱怜恤,不喜爱祭祀”,耶稣重复这句话有什么意思? 

  12:7 耶稣对法利赛人重复犹太人历代不断听到的话(参撒上 15:22-23 ;诗 40:6-8 ;赛 1:11-17 ;耶 7:21-23 ;何 6:6 )。只有先对准神,我们才能适当地遵守宗教的守则和礼仪。 

  太 12:8> 耶稣应不单是安息日的主吧,祂可也是你的主? 

  12:8 耶稣说祂是“安息日的主”,是向法利赛人宣告自己比律法更大,更超越。对于法利赛人来说这是异端,他们不明白耶稣是神的儿子,是祂创造了安息日。创造者一定比受造物大,所以耶稣有权柄去掌管他们的传统和规条。 

  太 12:9> 12:9 会堂是犹太人聚集敬拜和学习律法的地方(参可 1:21 ; 5:22 注释)。 

  太 12:10> 不论情况如何,耶稣总愿意帮忙;别人有需要时,你的反应又如何? 

  12:10 法利赛人想要为难耶稣,指着那个一只手已经萎缩的人,问耶稣在安息日治病是否合法。根据他们的安息日条例,在安息日只可以医治性命危殆的病人。 

  耶稣曾多次在安息日治病,当中没有一次是情况危急的。倘若祂改天再医治,便表示祂顺从了法利赛人的权威,认同他们那些偏狭的条例相等于神的律法;倘若祂在安息日医治那人,法利赛人就可以因为祂破坏了规条而宣告祂的能力不是由神而来的。 

  耶稣是要让人看见法利赛人的规条是何等荒谬和偏狭,神不是规条的神,而是活人的神。别人正需要帮助的时候,就是我们接触他们的最好时刻。 

  太 12:10-12> 面对异端,敬而远之,若他们有需要时,你会…… 

  12:10-12 法利赛人看重他们的律法过于人的需要,专注耶稣触犯了他们什么规条,却看不见那个枯干了手的人的需要。你对别人的态度如何呢?如果你认为因信仰不容许你帮助某些人,那么你的信仰可能就与神的道不符了。不要让教义使你看不见别人的需要。 

  太 12:14> 面对异己,就动杀机,法利赛人有何图谋? 

  12:14 耶稣否定法利赛人的权威,在会堂里向着全会众揭露他们的丑恶心态,指出他们忠于自己的宗教制度过于神,法利赛人觉得被侵犯,就图谋杀害耶稣(参路 6:11 )。 

  太 12:15> 面对别人的错误,你会避而不提,还是勇于指出来? 

  12:15 直到这时,耶稣仍不断地揭露法利赛人的伪善,但因为祂受死的时候还未到,还有许多道理要教导祂的门徒和群众,于是祂在对抗激化之前离开会堂。 

  太 12:16> 耶稣不是要来传信息的吗?为何祂不允许得医治的人作声? 

  12:16 耶稣不让那些得医治的人把祂所行的神迹张扬出去,是不希望人带着错误的动机来跟从祂,妨碍祂的教导,引起他们对地上世界错误的盼望。但祂行神迹的消息最后还是传开了,许多人都来要见祂(参可 3:7-8 )。 

  太 12:17-21> 耶稣是大君王,你晓得祂是一个怎样的“王”吗? 

  12:17-21 百姓期望弥赛亚是一位君王,这里所引用以赛亚的预言(参赛 42:1-4 )正指出弥赛亚的确是一位君王,但祂是一位安静、谦卑、为世界带来公义的王。正如耶稣时代的群众一样,我们也可能希望基督好像一个君王,在我们的生命中带来大而显着的胜利,但通常基督的工作是平静的,按着祂最合适的时间,而不是按我们的意思去成就。 

  太 12:24> 用尽方法也不要耶稣,是法利赛人为保地位的坚持;今人虽不是如此,但也有拒绝祂的时候…… 

  12:24 法利赛人曾污蔑耶稣是撒但( 9:34 ),现在又企图以争辩来激动耶稣的情绪,使祂声誉受损。他们拒绝相信耶稣是神,称祂为撒但,但耶稣很容易就揭露了他们愚妄的争辩。 

  太 12:25> 暗中所行,没有人会知道,谁又会察觉我内心的一切? 

  12:25 耶稣成为肉身,放弃了使用完全、无限的超然能力,但仍能深刻洞悉人性,祂的洞察力制止了宗教领袖陷害祂的企图。复活了的基督知道我们全部的心思意念,这点带给我们安慰与恐惧:安慰是因为神真正了解我们向祂所表达的意思;而恐惧是因为我们不能在祂面前隐藏,祂知道我们自私的动机。 

  太 12:29> 捆缚罪恶要靠耶稣,你不是有所怀疑吧…… 

  12:29 耶稣降临,瓦解了撒但的能力和辖制;旷野里,祂胜过撒但的试探,复活时,祂战胜了撒但的最后武器──死亡。最终撒但将要永远被拘禁(参启 20:10 ),罪恶将不能再充满世界,耶稣有完全的权能控制撒但和它的势力。 

  太 12:30> 在十字路口犹疑不决,可会是──我想认识主,又不想信…… 

  12:30 我们不能对基督保持中立,任何人不是积极跟随基督,就是选择拒绝祂。在善恶争战之中,任何人企图保持中立,就是选择了与神分开,因祂是绝对的善,拒绝跟随基督就是选择加入撒但的行列了。 

  太 12:31-32> 干犯圣灵是什么意思?你尝试过吗? 

  12:31-32 法利赛人把主基督靠圣灵所行的神迹,当作撒但的能力( 12:24 ),他们亵渎了圣灵。不得赦免的罪是使自己的心变得刚硬,故意拒绝承认神在基督里的能力。有时候信徒会担心自己是否意外地犯了不得赦免的罪,但只有背弃神和拒绝全部信仰的人才需要担心。耶稣说他们不得赦免,不是因为他们的罪比其他人更大,乃是因为他们不会寻求赦免。任何人拒绝圣灵的感动,就是放弃了惟一可以引导他悔改、与神和好的动力。 

  太 12:34-36> 一不小心,语出惊人,想收也收不住,我…… 

  12:34-36 耶稣提醒人们,人口里所说的话,显示出人的内心。我们口中所说的正表现了我们的心思意念。但无论如何,单单洁净口所说的话,并不能解决内心的问题,必须让圣灵充满我们的心,更新自己的态度与动机,才会根本地洁净我们的言语和内心。 

  太 12:38-40> 法利赛人也许是真想追求吧,你看他们多热切──其实我也很渴望看见神迹…… 

  12:38-40 法利赛人正要求另一个神迹,但并不是真诚地寻求认识耶稣。耶稣知道他们早已看过足够的神迹和证据,假若他们肯敞开自己的心,早已信服耶稣就是弥赛亚了,只是他们定意不相信祂,即使有更多的神迹,也不会改变这种态度。 

  许多人有这种想法:我只要看见一个真正的神迹,就会立刻相信神。耶稣对法利赛人的回答在这些人身上也适用。我们已经有许多证据──耶稣的降生、死亡、复活和升天,以及历代以来祂在全世界信徒生命里的工作。我们接受神早已赐与的恩典,努力前进,不必再寻找额外的证据和神迹了。祂可能使用你的生命作为凭证,去接触其他的人。 

  太 12:39-41> 三日三夜在鱼腹,勉强传道众悔改;降临人间一耶稣,死后三日再复活,人亲眼见心却…… 

  12:39-41 约拿是一个先知,受神差派到亚述的尼尼微城。亚述是一个极凶残和好战的国家,约拿尝试逃避这个任务,结果在大鱼腹中三日三夜,当他出来之后,很勉强地去尼尼微城,传讲神的信息,结果全城的人都悔改了。相反,耶稣来到祂的族人那里,他们却不肯悔改,耶稣在这里很清楚地说,祂的复活将会证实祂是弥赛亚,祂死后三日便会复活,正如约拿在鱼腹中三日后重得生机一样。约拿书记载了约拿的事迹。 

  太 12:41-42> 我想努力追求主,可是讲道听过就忘了,圣经读过就算了,我还有…… 

  12:41-42 约拿的时代,尼尼微城是亚述的首都,是一个罪恶满盈的城市(参拿 1:2 ),但当约拿传道后,全城立即悔改。南方的女王也曾从远方来见以色列王所罗门,学习他的智慧(参王上 10:1-10 ;路 11:31-32 注释)。当神向这些外邦人展示自己时,他们就能认识真理;此刻,神就在这些宗教领袖面前,他们却置之不理。你如何回应你掌握的真理与凭证呢? 

  太 12:43-45> 你的心是预备好了,打开一看,耶稣在哪儿? 

  12:43-45 耶稣特别描述以色列人和宗教领袖的心态:单单打扫干净自己的心,却没有让神充满,这就给撒但留下许多进入的机会。以斯拉记记载了百姓怎样清除自己的偶像,却没有让神的爱来代替偶像,没有顺从神。除去生命中的罪是第一步,我们必须让神的道和圣灵来充满我们的生命,不让撒但有机可乘。 

  太 12:46-50> 明明不是一家人,教会中的人都称弟兄姊妹,何解? 

  12:46-50 耶稣并非否定自己对地上家庭的责任,相反,祂批评那些宗教领袖没有遵行旧约中孝敬父母的命令( 15:1-9 )。当耶稣被钉在十字架上的时候,仍为母亲的将来安排(参约 19:25-27 ),祂的母亲和兄弟在五旬节时也在门徒住的楼上出现(参徒 1:14 )。这里耶稣指出了属灵关系正如肉身关系一样密切,祂为新的信徒群体(普世教会),就是我们属灵的家铺路。 ──《灵修版圣经注释》